Not Dead, But Somewhat Dismayed

One Year Post-Launch

Apologies to my loyal reader for the cliffhanger.  I am alive; the boat didn't sink, or break up, or otherwise fail completely.  I christened her Ihi, which I'm told means "power" or "respect" depending on whether you're speaking Maori or Hawai'ian.  I think the fact that this sort of craft is responsible for etymological similarities that span over 3500 nautical miles of nearly empty ocean is pretty deserving of respect.  I also wanted the name to indicate a respect for the power of the ocean, which is an integral part of Polynesian culture and traditional seamanship.

So yeah, we poured a bit of champagne over the bow and said a few words and launched without incident.

But I have had a lot of trouble with her.  That trouble, and my confusion as to its cause (and of course life getting in the way) is the reason I've been silent so long.

The Problem: Steering

Paddling, Ihi is a bit slower than a non-outrigger canoe.  She'd get there, but she's way slower than, say, a competently handled sea kayak.

Under sail in a stiff breeze, Ihi goes like a bat out of hell.  It's thrilling.

Unfortunately, in either case she seems to go pretty well wherever she pleases, with little regard for helm input.  In Colorado's smallish inland lakes, this results in a lot of brief, terrifying, frustrating darts from launch to the shore.  I never quite ran into anything, or ran aground even, but wow, I had some close calls.

Initial Theory: Hull Twist?

One reason I have been so quiet about my experiences is that I was initially convinced that the pull was always to port, and indicated that I'd built  a badly twisted hull.  There is some hull twist visible in her - I was hasty installing the aft thwart one day, with a bunch of epoxy curing before I could line things up right.  You can see it in this older photo from her build:

It is my intellectual style to ponder a problem quietly for a long time, until I have a plan.  Well, I spent much of the past year wondering if I would have to grind out all of her fillets and rebuild her completely.

This week, I launched Ihi for the first time this summer (shameful, I know), and I rigged her with the ama to starboard rather than to port for the first time ever.  And guess what?  She didn't pull to port anymore (paddling - I haven't gotten her sail up yet this year, due to a spar failure).

Well, that's not entirely true. She veers badly off the wind, whether it's coming from port or starboard.  I think she's misbehaving because she would prefer to be steered with the steering paddle while being paddled along - or because she needs ballast in the forefoot to keep her tracking straight.  I need to find some other Melanesia owners to talk to about this behavior.

It's entirely possible that the twist is a real thing, but my latest thinking on the issue is that it's likely nowhere near as big an effect as the tug of the ama in the water.  Which brings me to my second theory:

Second Theory: Poor Ama Performance?

I built two amas for Ihi.  My first was an undersized aspen trunk, and it's probably only about 60% the volume (and thus buoyancy) it's supposed to be.  It digs in pretty badly, and that can't be good for tracking.  Ihi definitely takes a little muscle to overcome the drag of the submarining ama.

My second ama, which is made from arid mountain pine, is at least twice as dense as the aspen.  It's plenty big, but not the right stuff to make an ama out of.  It barely floats by itself, so it's not able to lend the canoe much help.  And it's so massive that you can feel any acceleration vector averaging against the inertia of the ama, as if it were a giant sea anchor.  The small aspen ama is usable, at least; the heavy pine version is a definite mistake.

I'd like to find another, larger aspen trunk and try to fashion a larger ama that has that magically low density of aspen.  Failing that, I've considered a glass & foam ama, but that's going to be very expensive and time consuming.  I'm more likely to build one out of foam and construction lumber than to go the superlight glass/foam route.  Until I get a new and improved ama of some sort, I won't be able to speak authoritatively on whether the ama is/was a contributing factor.

Third Theory: Untrained Helmsman

One thing I know for certain: Ihi steers unlike anything I've ever sailed before.  She's frightfully sensitive to weight distribution, and her handling characteristics change dramatically with the wind speed.  In the trade winds of the South Pacific, that's probably not a big deal, but here in the capricious, swirling winds of Colorado's Front Range, it's mystifying.  I'm reminded of Larry Niven and Jerry Pournelle's line about juggling in variable gravity.

The only answer here is experience.  I need to keep sailing her so that I can begin to understand how to sail her.  As time goes on, I'm sure there will be fewer and fewer near-calamities.  Who knows?  Maybe I'll eventually get good enough to take her out in some real water, like coastal cruising or that Watertribe North Carolina race I had my eye on.  Ten years ought to do it.... Watertribe 2023, here I come!

Fourth Theory: Poor Sail Trim Capability

I'm certain about this one, too.  As outlined in this post on sail handling the Melanesia, it's critical to be able to adjust the mast's tilt fore and aft, and port and starboard.  The fore-and-aft tilt affects whether she steers neutrally as load changes, and the lateral adjustment is necessary to correct for weather helm.

Well, I initially intended to achieve these adjustments using homemade deadeyes and toggles:

The problem is, there's just too much friction in the deadeyes.  There was no way to adjust the mast position with the sail under load - it wasn't even possible to adjust with the sail luffing, unless I had a helper guide the mast into position by hand.  In the end, every adjustment required returning to the beach, which isn't easy when you don't have helm control to begin with.  I kept having to drop the sail and paddle back to my launch site to try again.  You just can't squeeze very many iterations of that process into an afternoon sail.

To that end, I've purchased a handful of small Harken blocks to replace the deadeyes.  These should allow much more real-time adjustment capability, which will, in turn, give me the equivalent of several month's experience in just a few outings.

Other Things

Let's see, what else have I learned?  Not as much as I would have if I'd been sailing more, but there are a few lessons I can think of:

1. The Melanesia has really low freeboard.  She a wet boat when even my overloaded El Toro dinghy would be dry.  Though this would probably improve a little with a more buoyant ama, it's hard to imagine her working in the open ocean. I'd really want to build some bulkheads beneath the fore and aft decks for guaranteed flotation if I were going to try her in those conditions.
2. The pinned and lashed connections between the jaws and the spars doesn't seem to work for me.  Maybe I don't have the joinery skills, or maybe I'm using poor materials, or poor lashing execution.  Whatever the case, I'll take an epoxy & glass tape joint any day.  I hear of a new local source for bamboo - maybe I'll end up with a second bamboo spar soon, who knows?
3. Assembling Ihi takes a lot of time.  Even if I leave the tukis in the ama and lashed to each other where they cross, I still have 9 major lashings to complete every time I transport the boat.  In my experience, it takes me (by myself) about an hour and a quarter to get everything set up.  She's not a great boat to use in situations where you have to cart her to and fro - though she's very portable once she's disassembled. 

That's all I can think of for now.  I'm not sure how often I'll be posting in the future, but I'll try to report back as I resolve the issues I'm facing.  Questions or suggestions from fellow Melanesia sailors welcome!

Launch Day: Prelude

The day is upon us!  The boat is ready, more or less.  Cosmetically, it's unfinished - weather has prevented me from painting the stripe I want it to have, and the interior could use another coat of the base color.

But all of the major questions are answered.  I'm halfway through lashing her all together and rigging in the back yard to ensure there aren't any unforeseen problems before I transport it to the local state park where we'll launch.  I did have to re-drill a couple of the tuki holes in the ama, as they weren't lining up right.  And the fancy windsurfer mast turns out to be too stiff for the crabclaw :( But I had a backup.

Anyway, I'll post a wrap-up here later in the weekend.  There's work to be done!

Much to tell, no time to tell it

Apologies for announcing I would launch soon, then disappearing.  I am indeed on track to launch in June, but just barely:  I've declared a launch party on the 30th, at our local state park lake.  There's a lot to be done to meet that deadline, but it should be doable, if only just. 

Since the beginning of the month, I've:

• completed glassing and epoxy coating the exterior seams
• faired the bow and stern
• applied 3 coats of yellow paint
• built and installed a "Y" mount for my reclaimed windsurfer mast
• cut a new "Y" for my bamboo spar
• purchased, shaped and painted a pine log to use for the outrigger
• trimmed my crossbeams to shape
• cut all the little crossbeam support sticks ("tuki") 
• and applied a coat of varnish to the paddles

Still to do before launch in 4 days:

• purchase, cut, splice and install all rigging
• paint the stripe along the gunwales
•  stitch the sail numbers onto the sail
• finish varnishing paddles
• test-assemble the boat in the back yard so that I know what I'm doing
• and apply for state registration, which is required of sailboats

 Now, if you'll excuse me, I need to get going - there's a lot of work to do yet!

A Declaration

After yesterday's deck and spar work, I was pretty motivated today.  For starters, I trimmed the decks to fit the hull, and sanded them smooth.  Then we set sawhorses under the hull and flipped it over, to begin work on the exterior. The goal is to "radius" the seams - that is, to turn them from angular meetings of two sheets of plywood, to gently curved transitions that can be smoothly covered with glass tape.

Using my trusty 4-in-hand file, some 60-grit sandpaper, and the block plane, I proceeded to radius the entire length of all three seams in about an hour and a half.  It went much faster than anticipated, but I suspect I'm going to be really, really sore tomorrow.

Soon - maybe even later today - I'll make a small batch of filleting epoxy and touch up the gaps in the seams.  Then it will be time to glass 'em, and do the final epoxy-coating of the exterior.

Translation:  I'm within sight of completing the hull.  Emboldened by this realization, I've decided to state publicly that I will launch this boat in June. 

There, I said it.  And now it remains to be seen whether I can put my money where my mouth is.  Stay tuned....

Decks On! And Sail Test-Fit to Spars

With a bit of time this morning, I glued and nailed the fore & aft decks onto the hull.  This is another milestone moment, at it indicates we're pretty much done with the right-side-up segment of the build. 

The decks were cut pretty accurately to the plan dimensions.  Installed, they overhang the sheer a little, which indicates that either they weren't cut as accurately as I thought, or the hull is slightly narrower than it should be.  Either way, we're talking about a relatively small discrepancy, so I won't worry about it.  I'll just cut/sand the overhang off, and nobody will ever know.

I mixed up way more epoxy/fiberglass powder glue than I needed, so after I was done nailing down the decks, I stirred some silica powder into the remaining epoxy and used it as a fairing compound to fill gaps and smooth lines around the handles and deck beams. 

Next up for the hull: we'll pull it out of the porch, invert it on saw horses, and radius the chines in preparation for the exterior glass tape.  When that step is done, it will be time for a final coat of epoxy, then paint!  

The other big news is that I scored a twelve-foot length of bamboo at the second-hand building materials shop yesterday.  Cost me all of $3.22, which is less than a tenth of what it would  elsewhere.  It's too thin to use as anything but a spar, and may not be stout enough for that, even.  But it's a thick-walled variety, and seems quite strong.  So I'm going to try it.  If it breaks in use, we'll just replace it with something else.

I fitted it to a crotch I'd cut earlier, and pinned and lashed them as per the plans.  I must say, I'm a bit nervous about that joint.  But Wharram says it will hold, so who am I to argue?

With two spars ready, and the sail more or less complete, I couldn't help arranging it in the back yard to see how it looks.  With Puff the cat supervising, I laced the sail onto the spars until I ran out of line about 3/5ths of the way around.  It looks handsome, but I must confess that my new bamboo spar may be about 6" too short. 

As disappointing as that is, I can still use it as part of my hiking platform.  It certainly won't be wasted.  But that means I need to figure out how to fit a Y-joint to the carbon fiber windsurfer mast.  I might end up using store-bought lumber to make that piece, as I can't imagine turning a chunk of found lumber into the perfectly round 1.75" dowel required to fit the inside of the mast.

Another Wharram Melanesia Build: Photos From New Caledonia

I had a brief exchange with Jean-Philippe, the builder of the Melanesia featured in the most recent video, and he pointed me towards a photo set of his build and finished boat, Du Ami.  The photos are on his Facebook page. One might need a Facebook account to view them, I'm not sure.

As you can see, he's done a great job.  Highlights include real mylar sailcloth, bamboo spars & poles, and a sensible paint job to minimize brightwork and the associated maintenance headaches.

Note the clean fillets on this frame.  Jean-Philippe's handiwork seems to have generally been more competent than my blundering - perhaps he's done this before?  Or maybe he's just a really quick learner.

On the left beside the hull here, you can see his ama, which he laminated from store-bought lumber.  It's so much straighter than my tree trunk....  I also see that he enclosed his bow and stern with bulkheads to create buoyancy/storage compartments.  I'd really like to do that to my Melanesia, but I haven't yet decided if it's worth the extra effort....  It sure looks good, though.

Oh, and the result?  I'll let him speak for himself here, describing the shakedown cruise in one of the photo comments:

It sails pretty well we can sail near the wind, we can tack and jybe. We had a peak speed of 5,7 kts with 10 kts of wind (13kts in gusts). Really happy for a first ride.

Anyway, great work, Jean Philippe!  I would be thrilled to achieve such a result in my build.

A New Wharram Melanesia Video on Youtube

We've seen just a little bit of JIPE98's Melanesia before, but he's really cooking in this one.  The blurb beneath the video states that he hit 8.4 knots on this run from Ouemo to Uere, New Caledonia.  That's really cooking for a 16' outrigger canoe!

The video appears to have been shot handheld by his crew, and details of his one-handed steering setup hover just outside the frame.  But there are some stills of the canoe from above at the end of the video, and she's a very nice-looking example.

I look forward to seeing more of this Melanesia in the future.  It looks like he's got a great boat, and a beautiful setting to sail in.

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Meanwhile, in my own build, I wasn't able to apply further coats of epoxy to my fiberglass-taped fillets yesterday because a cold front blew through, bringing 50°F temps and a day of much-needed rain.  So I continued stitching the second rope to my sail, which is almost complete now.  Today looks favorable for epoxy work - higher temperatures, at least, and the rain has ended.  So I hope to be able to finish coating the fillet glass today, and move on to installing the decks tomorrow.